See grudka on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*gʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰer-#Proto-Indo-European:_rub"
],
[
"*gʰréwdos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰréwdos"
],
[
"*gruda",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruda"
],
[
"gruda",
"gruda#Polish"
],
[
"*-keh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-kāˀ#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"*-ъka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka#Proto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"-ka",
"-ka#Old_Polish:_nominal"
],
[
"-ka",
"-ka#Polish"
],
[
"gruda",
"gruda#Polish"
],
[
"-ka",
"-ka#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "gruda",
"4": "-ka",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish grudka\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"grudka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"grudka\">\nFrom gruda + -ka.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish grudka\nFrom gruda + -ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grudka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "grudka f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grud‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"grud‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gruda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of gruda"
],
"id": "en-grudka-pl-noun-QtyZsIh1",
"links": [
[
"gruda",
"gruda#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Dermatology",
"orig": "pl:Dermatology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"papule"
],
"id": "en-grudka-pl-noun-6uXLuzn3",
"links": [
[
"papule",
"papule"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrut.ka/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-utka"
}
],
"word": "grudka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰer- (rub)",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/utka",
"Rhymes:Polish/utka/2 syllables",
"pl:Dermatology"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*gʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰer-#Proto-Indo-European:_rub"
],
[
"*gʰréwdos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰréwdos"
],
[
"*gruda",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruda"
],
[
"gruda",
"gruda#Polish"
],
[
"*-keh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-kāˀ#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"*-ъka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka#Proto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"-ka",
"-ka#Old_Polish:_nominal"
],
[
"-ka",
"-ka#Polish"
],
[
"gruda",
"gruda#Polish"
],
[
"-ka",
"-ka#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "gruda",
"4": "-ka",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish grudka\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"grudka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"grudka\">\nFrom gruda + -ka.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish grudka\nFrom gruda + -ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grudka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "grudka f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grud‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"grud‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish diminutive nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gruda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of gruda"
],
"links": [
[
"gruda",
"gruda#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"papule"
],
"links": [
[
"papule",
"papule"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrut.ka/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-utka"
}
],
"word": "grudka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grudka meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.